Vesicoureteric Reflux (VUR) is a condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters and sometimes back into the kidneys. Normally, urine travels in one direction — from the kidneys to the bladder. In VUR, the valve mechanism that prevents backflow does not function properly.
VUR is commonly seen in infants and young children and is often detected during evaluation for urinary tract infections (UTIs).
When urine flows backward toward the kidneys, it can:
Increase the risk of repeated urinary tract infections
Lead to kidney infections (pyelonephritis)
Cause kidney scarring if untreated
Affect long-term kidney function in severe cases
Early diagnosis and appropriate management help prevent complications.
VUR may occur due to:
Congenital abnormal development of the valve between the bladder and ureter (primary VUR)
Bladder dysfunction or obstruction (secondary VUR)
Family history of VUR
Primary VUR is more common and is present from birth.
Many children with VUR may not show obvious symptoms. It is often suspected when a child has:
Recurrent urinary tract infections
Fever without an obvious source (especially in infants)
Pain or burning during urination
Abdominal or back pain
Poor weight gain in infants
In some cases, VUR is detected during prenatal scans showing kidney swelling.
Evaluation typically includes:
Ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder
Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) to confirm reflux
Urine tests to check for infection
Renal scan to assess kidney function if needed
VUR is graded from I to V based on severity, with Grade I being mild and Grade V being severe.
Management depends on the child’s age, grade of reflux, and presence of infections.
Many mild cases improve naturally as the child grows. Regular monitoring and follow-up scans are advised.
Low-dose antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent recurrent infections while waiting for natural resolution.
Surgery may be recommended if:
Reflux is severe
Recurrent infections occur despite medication
Kidney damage is progressing
Surgical options include:
Endoscopic injection therapy
Ureteric reimplantation surgery
These procedures aim to correct the valve mechanism and prevent urine backflow.
A detailed evaluation is conducted to determine the severity and kidney health.
If surgery is required, it is performed under general anesthesia in a specialized pediatric surgical setting.
Regular follow-up with ultrasound and urine tests ensures healthy kidney function and prevents recurrence.
Seek medical advice if your child has:
Recurrent urinary tract infections
Unexplained fever
Pain during urination
Known kidney swelling on scan
Early intervention helps protect kidney health and ensures normal growth and development.
Our pediatric urology team provides comprehensive diagnosis and personalized treatment for vesicoureteric reflux. With advanced technology, careful monitoring, and child-focused care, we aim to preserve kidney function and ensure long-term wellbeing for your child.
