A choledochal cyst is a rare congenital condition in which there is abnormal dilatation (widening) of the bile ducts. The bile ducts are tubes that carry bile from the liver to the intestine to help digest fats. When these ducts become enlarged, bile flow is disrupted, which can lead to infection, inflammation, or liver damage if not treated.
Choledochal cysts are usually diagnosed in infancy or early childhood, though sometimes they are detected later.
Choledochal cysts are present from birth and are believed to occur due to abnormal development of the bile ducts during fetal growth. One common theory is the presence of an abnormal connection between the pancreatic duct and bile duct, leading to reflux of pancreatic enzymes and progressive dilation.
This condition is not caused by anything parents did during pregnancy.
Symptoms may vary depending on the child’s age and severity. Common signs include:
Abdominal pain
Yellowing of the eyes and skin (jaundice)
Vomiting
Fever (if infection occurs)
Swelling or lump in the abdomen
Dark urine and pale stools
Some infants may present with prolonged jaundice.
Diagnosis involves:
Ultrasound of the abdomen
MRI or MRCP (Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography)
Blood tests to assess liver function
CT scan in selected cases
These investigations help confirm the diagnosis and determine the type and extent of the cyst.
Surgery is the definitive treatment and is recommended even if the child has mild symptoms. Leaving the cyst untreated can lead to:
Recurrent infections (cholangitis)
Pancreatitis
Liver damage
Increased risk of bile duct cancer later in life
The standard treatment involves:
Complete removal of the abnormal bile duct (cyst excision)
Reconstruction of bile drainage by connecting the liver to the intestine (Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy)
The procedure is performed under general anesthesia and may be done through open or minimally invasive (laparoscopic) techniques, depending on the case.
A detailed evaluation is performed, and parents are informed about the surgical plan and recovery process.
The procedure is carried out in a specialized pediatric surgical facility with strict safety standards.
Children are monitored closely. Most recover well and gradually return to normal feeding and activity. Regular follow-up ensures proper liver function and healthy growth.
Early surgical correction prevents complications and ensures normal liver function and bile drainage. With timely intervention, long-term outcomes are generally excellent.
Our pediatric surgical team provides advanced evaluation and safe management of choledochal cysts. With precise surgical techniques, careful post-operative care, and continuous follow-up, we focus on protecting liver health and ensuring the best possible outcome for your child.
